Security Alert: High Severity Code Vulnerabilities Found

This code security report highlights the findings of a recent static analysis security testing (SAST) scan on the SAST-Test-Repo-de040e27-c2f7-493b-a4e1-8dd14debd182 repository. The scan, conducted on November 16, 2025, revealed a total of five security findings, all of which are new. Among these, three are classified as high severity, indicating critical vulnerabilities that could potentially be exploited by attackers. The scan covered 18 project files and detected two programming languages: Python and Secrets.

Scan Metadata

• Latest Scan: 2025-11-16 05:25PM
• Total Findings: 5 | New Findings: 5 | Resolved Findings: 0
• Tested Project Files: 18
• Detected Programming Languages: 2 (Python

Most Relevant Findings

The following table provides a detailed overview of the most relevant security findings identified during the scan.

High Severity: SQL Injection (CWE-89) in libuser.py:12

This section dives into the most critical vulnerability detected: SQL Injection, categorized under CWE-89, found in the libuser.py file at line 12. SQL injection is a severe security flaw that occurs when user-supplied data is inserted into a SQL query without proper sanitization. This allows attackers to inject malicious SQL code, potentially leading to unauthorized access to the database, data manipulation, or even complete system compromise. The detected instance has two data flows, indicating multiple paths through which the malicious input can reach the vulnerable code. The violation priority is marked as HIGH, emphasizing the urgency of addressing this issue. Let's examine the vulnerable code snippet:

# Vulnerable Code Snippet from libuser.py:12
query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '" + username + "' AND password = '" + password + "'"
cursor.execute(query)

In this code, the username and password variables are directly concatenated into the SQL query string. An attacker can manipulate these inputs to inject malicious SQL code. For example, a username like ' OR '1'='1 would bypass the authentication check, granting unauthorized access. Data flows trace back to mod_user.py, highlighting how user inputs propagate through the application to the vulnerable point. Remediation involves using parameterized queries or prepared statements, which treat user inputs as data rather than executable code. Parameterized queries use placeholders for user inputs, which are then bound separately, preventing the injection of malicious SQL code. Here's how to remediate this vulnerability using parameterized queries:

# Remediated Code Snippet using Parameterized Queries
query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ? AND password = ?"
cursor.execute(query, (username, password))

By using placeholders ? and passing the username and password as a tuple to the execute method, the database driver automatically handles the proper escaping and quoting of the inputs, preventing SQL injection attacks. This method ensures that user-provided data is always treated as data and not as part of the SQL command. To further enhance your understanding and skills in preventing SQL Injection, consider exploring the following resources:

• Secure Code Warrior SQL Injection Training: An interactive training module that provides hands-on experience in identifying and preventing SQL injection vulnerabilities.
• OWASP SQL Injection Prevention Cheat Sheet: A comprehensive guide on preventing SQL injection attacks, offering best practices and coding examples.
• Preventing SQL Injection Attacks With Python: A practical article demonstrating how to use parameterized queries in Python to secure your applications against SQL injection.

High Severity: SQL Injection (CWE-89) in libuser.py:25

Another critical SQL Injection vulnerability, also categorized under CWE-89, was detected in libuser.py at line 25. Similar to the previous finding, this instance involves the concatenation of user-supplied data directly into a SQL query. This can lead to the same severe consequences, including unauthorized data access, data manipulation, and potential system compromise. This vulnerability also has two detected data flows, indicating multiple pathways through which the malicious input can reach the vulnerable code. The violation priority is marked as HIGH, emphasizing the need for immediate attention. Review the vulnerable code snippet below:

# Vulnerable Code Snippet from libuser.py:25
query = "SELECT email FROM users WHERE username = '" + username + "'"
cursor.execute(query)

In this code, the username variable is directly embedded into the SQL query string. An attacker could exploit this by providing a malicious username designed to inject SQL commands. For example, an input like ' OR '1'='1 would bypass the intended query logic and potentially reveal all email addresses in the users table. Data flows indicate the input originates from mod_user.py, highlighting the importance of input validation across the entire application. To mitigate this risk, employ parameterized queries or prepared statements, which treat user inputs as data rather than executable code. Here's how to apply parameterized queries to this vulnerability:

# Remediated Code Snippet using Parameterized Queries
query = "SELECT email FROM users WHERE username = ?"
cursor.execute(query, (username,))

By utilizing the placeholder ? and passing the username as a parameter to the execute method, the database driver ensures that the input is properly escaped and quoted, preventing SQL injection attacks. This approach guarantees that user-provided data is always handled as data and not interpreted as part of the SQL command. To further enhance your knowledge and skills in preventing SQL Injection, consider exploring these resources:

• Secure Code Warrior SQL Injection Training: An interactive training module providing hands-on experience in identifying and preventing SQL injection vulnerabilities.
• OWASP SQL Injection Prevention Cheat Sheet: A comprehensive guide on preventing SQL injection attacks, offering best practices and coding examples.
• Preventing SQL Injection Attacks With Python: A practical article demonstrating how to use parameterized queries in Python to secure your applications against SQL injection.

High Severity: SQL Injection (CWE-89) in libuser.py:53

A third SQL Injection vulnerability, again categorized under CWE-89, has been identified in libuser.py at line 53. As with the previous findings, this instance involves the unsafe incorporation of user-supplied data into a SQL query, creating a pathway for malicious SQL code to be injected. This vulnerability has one detected data flow. The violation priority is marked as HIGH, underscoring the critical need for immediate remediation. Consider the vulnerable code snippet:

# Vulnerable Code Snippet from libuser.py:53
query = "SELECT password FROM users WHERE username = '" + username + "'"
cursor.execute(query)

In this code, the username variable is directly concatenated into the SQL query string, creating a significant security risk. An attacker can exploit this by crafting a malicious username that injects SQL commands. For example, an input like ' OR '1'='1 would bypass the intended query logic and potentially expose all passwords in the users table. Data flows indicate the input originates from mod_user.py, further highlighting the importance of comprehensive input validation across the application. To effectively address this vulnerability, employ parameterized queries or prepared statements, which ensure that user inputs are treated as data rather than executable code. Here's how to implement parameterized queries to mitigate this risk:

# Remediated Code Snippet using Parameterized Queries
query = "SELECT password FROM users WHERE username = ?"
cursor.execute(query, (username,))

By using the placeholder ? and passing the username as a parameter to the execute method, the database driver handles the proper escaping and quoting of the input, effectively preventing SQL injection attacks. This approach ensures that user-provided data is always treated as data and not interpreted as part of the SQL command. To expand your knowledge and skills in preventing SQL Injection, consider exploring the following resources:

• Secure Code Warrior SQL Injection Training: An interactive training module that offers hands-on experience in identifying and preventing SQL injection vulnerabilities.
• OWASP SQL Injection Prevention Cheat Sheet: A comprehensive guide on preventing SQL injection attacks, providing best practices and coding examples.
• Preventing SQL Injection Attacks With Python: A practical article demonstrating how to use parameterized queries in Python to secure your applications against SQL injection.

Medium Severity: Hardcoded Password/Credentials (CWE-798) in vulpy-ssl.py:13

This finding reveals a Hardcoded Password/Credentials vulnerability, categorized under CWE-798, located in vulpy-ssl.py at line 13. Hardcoding credentials directly into the source code is a risky practice, as it can expose sensitive information if the code is compromised or made accessible to unauthorized users. This vulnerability has one detected data flow. Let's examine the vulnerable code snippet:

# Vulnerable Code Snippet from vulpy-ssl.py:13
password = "HardcodedPassword123"

In this code, the password variable is assigned a hardcoded value. An attacker who gains access to the source code can easily retrieve this password, potentially compromising the system or application. To remediate this vulnerability, avoid storing credentials directly in the code. Instead, use secure configuration files, environment variables, or a dedicated secrets management system. Here's how to remediate this issue using environment variables:

# Remediated Code Snippet using Environment Variables
import os
password = os.environ.get("DB_PASSWORD")
if password is None:
    # Handle the case where the environment variable is not set
    password = "DefaultSafePassword"  # Provide a default safe password or exit

By using os.environ.get, the password is retrieved from an environment variable, which can be set outside the application code. This prevents the password from being directly exposed in the source code. To further enhance your understanding and skills in preventing hardcoded credentials, consider exploring the following resources:

• Secure Code Warrior Hardcoded Password/Credentials Training: An interactive training module that provides hands-on experience in identifying and preventing hardcoded credential vulnerabilities.

Medium Severity: Hardcoded Password/Credentials (CWE-798) in vulpy.py:16

Another instance of Hardcoded Password/Credentials, categorized under CWE-798, has been found in vulpy.py at line 16. Similar to the previous finding, this involves storing a password directly in the source code, which is a significant security risk. This vulnerability has one detected data flow. Review the vulnerable code snippet below:

# Vulnerable Code Snippet from vulpy.py:16
username = "admin"
password = "HardcodedPassword"

In this code, both the username and password variables are assigned hardcoded values. An attacker who accesses the source code can easily retrieve these credentials, potentially gaining unauthorized access to the system. To remediate this, avoid storing credentials directly in the code. Instead, use secure configuration files, environment variables, or a dedicated secrets management system. Here's how to remediate this issue using environment variables:

# Remediated Code Snippet using Environment Variables
import os
username = os.environ.get("DB_USER")
password = os.environ.get("DB_PASSWORD")
if username is None or password is None:
    # Handle the case where the environment variable is not set
    username = "default_user"  # Provide a default safe username or exit
    password = "DefaultSafePassword"  # Provide a default safe password or exit

By using os.environ.get, the username and password are retrieved from environment variables, which are set outside the application code. This prevents the credentials from being directly exposed in the source code. To further enhance your understanding and skills in preventing hardcoded credentials, consider exploring the following resources:

• Secure Code Warrior Hardcoded Password/Credentials Training: An interactive training module that provides hands-on experience in identifying and preventing hardcoded credential vulnerabilities.

Findings Overview

The following table summarizes the security findings by severity, vulnerability type, CWE, and language.

Addressing these vulnerabilities is crucial to ensure the security and integrity of the application. Prioritize the remediation of high-severity SQL Injection vulnerabilities by implementing parameterized queries or prepared statements. For medium-severity Hardcoded Password/Credentials vulnerabilities, move the credentials to secure configuration files or environment variables. Regular security scans and code reviews are essential to identify and address potential vulnerabilities early in the development lifecycle.

To learn more about application security, visit the OWASP ( Open Web Application Security Project ) website.